ASTM D6982-2003 使用点网(格栅)搜寻模式探测热点和地下物体的标准实施规范
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【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforDetectingHotSpotsandBuriedObjectsUsingPoint-Net(Grid)SearchPatterns
【原文标准名称】:使用点网(格栅)搜寻模式探测热点和地下物体的标准实施规范
【标准号】:ASTMD6982-2003
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2003
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D34.01.01
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:preliminaryinvestigation;sampling;siteinvestigation;soilinvestigation;subsurfaceexploration;systematicsampling
【摘要】:Searchsamplingstrategieshavefoundwideutilityingeologicexplorationwheredrillingisrequiredtodetectsubsurfacemineraldeposit,suchaswhendrillingforoil.Usingsuchstrategiestosearchforburiedwastes,subsurfacecontaminants,andundergroundstructuresisalogicalextensionofthesestrategies.Systematicsamplingstrategiesareoftenthemostcost-effectivemethodforsearchingforhotspotsorburiedobjects.Searchsamplingpatternsmayalsobeusedtooptimizethelocationsofgroundwatermonitoringwellsortooptimizethelocationofvadosezonemonitoringdevices.Thispracticemaybeusedtodeterminetheriskofmissingatargetofspecifiedsizeandshapegivenaspecifiedsamplingpatternandsamplingdensity.Thispracticemaybeusedtodeterminethesmallesttargetthatcanbedetectedwithaspecifiedprobabilityandgivensamplingdensity.Thispracticemaybeusedtoselecttheoptimumgridsamplingstrategy(thatis,samplingpatternanddensity)foraspecifiedriskofnotdetectingahotspotorburiedobject.Byusingthealgorithmsgiveninthispractice,onecanbalancethecostofsamplingversustheriskofmissingahotspotorburiedobject.1.1Thispracticeprovidesequationsandnomographs,andareferencetoacomputerprogram,forcalculatingprobabilitiesofdetectinghotspots(thatis,localizedareasofsoilorgroundwatercontamination)andburiedobjectsusingpoint-net(thatis,grid)searchpatterns.Hotspots,moregenerallyreferredtoastargets,arepresumedtobeinvisibleonthegroundsurface.Buriedobjectsmayincludeformersurfaceimpoundments,wastedisposalpits,andutilitiesthathavebeencoveredbysoilorpavingmaterials.Hotspotsmayalsoincludecontaminantplumesingroundwaterorsoilgas.1.2Forpurposesofcalculatingdetectionprobabilities,hotspotsorburiedobjectsarepresumedtobeellipticallyshapedwhenprojectedverticallytothegroundsurface,andsearchpatternsaresquare,rectangular,orrhombic.Assumptionsaboutthesizeandshapeofsuspectedhotspotsaretheprimarylimitationsofthispractice,andmustbejudgedbyhistoricalinformation.Afurtherlimitationisthathotspotboundariesareassumedtobeclearanddistinct.Alternativeapproachestohotspotdetectionusingdiscretesamplingshouldalsobeconsideredwherefeasible,suchassurfacegeophysicalmeasurements(seeGuideD6429).1.3Searchsamplingwouldnormallybeconductedduringpreliminaryinvestigationsofhazardouswastesitesorhazardouswastemanagementfacilities(seeGuideD5730).Samplingmaybeconductedviadrillingorbydirect-pushmethods.Incontrast,guidanceonsamplingforthepurposeofmakingstatisticalinferencesaboutpopulationcharacteristics(forexample,contaminantconcentrations)canbefoundinGuideD6311.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:C80
【国际标准分类号】:13_020_99
【页数】:8P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【原文标准名称】:使用点网(格栅)搜寻模式探测热点和地下物体的标准实施规范
【标准号】:ASTMD6982-2003
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2003
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D34.01.01
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:preliminaryinvestigation;sampling;siteinvestigation;soilinvestigation;subsurfaceexploration;systematicsampling
【摘要】:Searchsamplingstrategieshavefoundwideutilityingeologicexplorationwheredrillingisrequiredtodetectsubsurfacemineraldeposit,suchaswhendrillingforoil.Usingsuchstrategiestosearchforburiedwastes,subsurfacecontaminants,andundergroundstructuresisalogicalextensionofthesestrategies.Systematicsamplingstrategiesareoftenthemostcost-effectivemethodforsearchingforhotspotsorburiedobjects.Searchsamplingpatternsmayalsobeusedtooptimizethelocationsofgroundwatermonitoringwellsortooptimizethelocationofvadosezonemonitoringdevices.Thispracticemaybeusedtodeterminetheriskofmissingatargetofspecifiedsizeandshapegivenaspecifiedsamplingpatternandsamplingdensity.Thispracticemaybeusedtodeterminethesmallesttargetthatcanbedetectedwithaspecifiedprobabilityandgivensamplingdensity.Thispracticemaybeusedtoselecttheoptimumgridsamplingstrategy(thatis,samplingpatternanddensity)foraspecifiedriskofnotdetectingahotspotorburiedobject.Byusingthealgorithmsgiveninthispractice,onecanbalancethecostofsamplingversustheriskofmissingahotspotorburiedobject.1.1Thispracticeprovidesequationsandnomographs,andareferencetoacomputerprogram,forcalculatingprobabilitiesofdetectinghotspots(thatis,localizedareasofsoilorgroundwatercontamination)andburiedobjectsusingpoint-net(thatis,grid)searchpatterns.Hotspots,moregenerallyreferredtoastargets,arepresumedtobeinvisibleonthegroundsurface.Buriedobjectsmayincludeformersurfaceimpoundments,wastedisposalpits,andutilitiesthathavebeencoveredbysoilorpavingmaterials.Hotspotsmayalsoincludecontaminantplumesingroundwaterorsoilgas.1.2Forpurposesofcalculatingdetectionprobabilities,hotspotsorburiedobjectsarepresumedtobeellipticallyshapedwhenprojectedverticallytothegroundsurface,andsearchpatternsaresquare,rectangular,orrhombic.Assumptionsaboutthesizeandshapeofsuspectedhotspotsaretheprimarylimitationsofthispractice,andmustbejudgedbyhistoricalinformation.Afurtherlimitationisthathotspotboundariesareassumedtobeclearanddistinct.Alternativeapproachestohotspotdetectionusingdiscretesamplingshouldalsobeconsideredwherefeasible,suchassurfacegeophysicalmeasurements(seeGuideD6429).1.3Searchsamplingwouldnormallybeconductedduringpreliminaryinvestigationsofhazardouswastesitesorhazardouswastemanagementfacilities(seeGuideD5730).Samplingmaybeconductedviadrillingorbydirect-pushmethods.Incontrast,guidanceonsamplingforthepurposeofmakingstatisticalinferencesaboutpopulationcharacteristics(forexample,contaminantconcentrations)canbefoundinGuideD6311.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:C80
【国际标准分类号】:13_020_99
【页数】:8P.;A4
【正文语种】:
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